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Flexible electrodes made of cotton textile, polypyrrole (PPy) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) composites were synthesized via a facile in situ chemical deposition method. This method involves a series of successive steps by immersing the cotton fabric in various MWCNT suspensions; adding monomers and p-toluene sulfonic acid (TsOH) as dopant under ultrasonic condition; and then initiating...
High strength regenerated cellulose/attapulgite (ATT) composite films (RC/ATT) with good oxygen barrier performance were prepared from cellulose/LiOH/urea solutions with different ATT contents ranging from 5 to 20 wt%. The synthesized RC/ATT films were characterized using UV–vis, XRD, scanning electron microscopy, TGA and mechanical testing. The results revealed the homogeneous distribution of ATT...
We investigated the optimal reaction conditions for carboxymethylation as a pretreatment method for the production of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). The influence of the reaction sequence, solvent composition, and presence of water in the reaction medium on the carboxymethylation of pulp was studied. We also investigated the effects of water in the reaction medium on CNF properties. The most effective...
The high hydrophilicity of hemp powder (HP) due to the phenolic hydroxyls limits their application in the preparation of Pickering emulsions (PEs). For this purpose, this study modified the surface of HP with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and n-butyl bromide (n-BB) to tune its wettability so that it can be used as an effective emulsifier in PEs formulations. The structure and composition of modified HP...
There is an urgent need to explore alternatives to replace traditional carbonaceous materials because of dwindling oil reserves and increasing atomospheric carbon dioxide. In the present study, the cellulose derived carbon nanofibers (CCNF) were prepared and used to hybridize with bismuth oxybromide to prepare novel photocatalyst composites (CCNF/BiOBr). The structural properties of the prepared composites...
Natural cellulose-based fibers, such as cotton, have been investigated as oil sorbent to remediate and recover oil spills. The unmodified fibers are hydrophilic and have a high capacity to absorb water. To circumvent this drawback, the hydrophobicity of fibers is usually enhanced by chemical modification using solution-based processes that produce significant amounts of chemical waste. In the present...
Herein, we studied the effects of pretreatment with glucanase (G), xylanase (X), and their combinations [G/X mixtures or sequential addition (G–X and X–G)] on the efficiency of ionic liquid/water (IL/w)—promoted extraction of hemicelluloses from paper-grade pulp. Mild G pretreatment effectively increased the efficiency and selectivity of hemicellulose removal, whereas severe G pretreatment resulted...
The preparation of new adsorbents for heavy metals consisting of cellulose paper grafted with polyamine moieties is described. The tosylation of pristine cellulose paper allowed the subsequent displacement of the tosylated leaving groups with either ethylenediamine or spermine provided the corresponding cellulose-based polyaminated adsorbents Cell-Ed and Cell-Sperm, respectively. Optimizations related...
Aiming to achieve heavy metal adsorption in water and soil environments, a montmorillonite rich bentonite was graft-copolymerized with chitosan, and the obtained composite material was evaluated as a metal immobilizing agent for remediating metal contaminated soil. The graft-copolymerization reaction in the composite was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform...
Functionalized lignocellulose (LC) wrapped with aluminosilicate was fabricated via a facial mechanical grinding assisted hot-pressing method, which used for flame retardant composite. The aluminosilicate particles with an average size of 3 μm were distributed on the lignocellulose surface by hydrogen bonds and viscous polyacrylamide (PAM). The as-prepared aluminosilicate-PAM/lignocellulose (A-PAM/LC)...
Molecular dynamics simulations of cellulose regularly sample a conformational space different to the crystal structures they were initiated from, with changes to the tilt of chains, expansion of the unit cell and variation in exocyclic group conformations. Given the differences in the structures sampled the question presents itself as to whether these simulations are sampling structures that resemble...
Aramid fiber-based composite paper is widely used as an engineering material that is often used in outdoor environments. This inevitably cause ultraviolet (UV) damage to aramid fibers. In this work, nanotitanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) was introduced to endow the composite a good UV-resistance while nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was used to disperse and deposit TiO2 nanoparticles onto aramid fibers...
In this study, self-reinforcing composites (SRCs) were produced via the partial dissolution route with a NaOH/urea solvent from paper made of softwood sulphite dissolving and abaca pulp. Solvent welding leads to increased tensile strength due to gluing the fibres together with the dissolved portion of cellulose but does not densify the material completely. The resulting porosity makes it difficult...
As the most abundant biopolymer in nature, cellulose has become a fascinating building block for the design of functional nanomaterials. Owing to the presence of numerous hydroxyl groups, cellulose provides a unique platform for the preparation of new materials via versatile chemical modifications. This critical review aims to present the advances about nanomaterials based on cellulose derivatives...
Three-dimensional hollow microtubular nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide composites were facilely fabricated by controlling the growth on the external and internal surface of natural kapok fibers. The incorporation of kapok fibers induced the confined growth of nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide on the kapok fiber templates, and the tubular structure of the composite did not collapse with...
As green composites, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforced polylactide (PLA) systems have attracted increasing attention recently. In this work, three forms of CNFs, including pristine, coupled and acetylated ones, were incorporated with PLA through solution casting and injection molding to prepare PLA nanocomposites with different polymer-fiber affinities, and with different dispersion states and...
Lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNFs) were directly prepared from the wood powders of softwood from cryptomeria and hardwood from eucalyptus, and differences in the surface constitutions of the prepared LCNFs were studied via quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). QCM analyses indicated different results in the enzymatic hydrolysis of these LCNFs with a multicomponent cellulase mixture in the initial stage...
This paper reports a robust method for rapid determination of cellulose derived 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) in biomass hydrolysate suspension based on headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC). The headspace equilibration at 150 °C for longer than 4 min with a pH range of 2.0–3.5 and a 50% (v/v) of ethanol content can obtain the full evaporation of 5-HMF, and eliminate the formation of additional...
An effective photocatalyst obtained from composite nanofibers CA/GO fabricated by electrospinning technique followed by chemical crosslinking surface modified TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) was used for removing the organic dyes Indigo carmine (IC) and Methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution under UV irradiation light. The crystalline structure and morphologies of CA–GO/TiO2–NH2 composite nanofibers...
The in-plane thermal conductivity of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite film densely covered with nanodiamond (ND) particles has been improved by using the wet-rotating disc milling (WRDM) process and optimizing the compositional ratio of ND and CNF. The aspect ratio of CNF fibrils was increased by 42% using the WRDM. Furthermore, the in-plane thermal conductivities of CNF and ND/CNF films composed...
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